write these notes in your lifeguarding textWrite the notes below in your text (or where appropriate, print them, cut them out and glue them in).
Most of these are page references to make finding skill sheets easier. You can, or course, choose to just write the page number next to the reference, or the whole listing shown below. For example, at page 90 at the bottom of the page next to the words slide-in entry, you could write: skill sheet page 103, or just write the number 103 if that works for you.
on page 13 the backboard model shown is a C.J. 1000 Spineboard (C.J. = Coy Jones).
on page 19: never leave anything (for example furniture) near a fence that would let a child climb over the fence
on page 27 One of the most effective signs you can post at a facility with parents and children is "There is no substitute for adult supervision."
page 29 at the top: Banning cell phone use in locker rooms, etc. also effectively prohibits the use of a cell phone as a camera without being that specific.
at the bottom, write;
(Red Cross Water Safety Instructor's manual, 2009) Minimum depth of water under a 1 meter diving board directly under the tip of the board should be 11 feet 6 inches. Minimum depth to teach diving from the side of a pool should be 9 feet. Goggles should never be worn during teaching of head first entries.
on page 30 at the spas section:
Sit on the bench, do not submerge.
Hair may become entangled in the drain.
after the rule "Do not use the spa or hot tub while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs" write: including anticoagulants, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, stimulants, hypnotics, narcotics or tranquilizers.
on page 36:
If your pool allows underwater swimming,
be prepared for a swimmer to black out after they stand up after an extended underwater swim
page 48 at the top: If you have enough guards for each zone and can add an additional roving guard when things get busy, the roving guard can provide total coverage. They can also wade out into shallow water or walk through a picnic area, talk to parents or give attention to kids getting a little rowdy.
page 49: A Canadian lifeguard manual recommends having the guard coming back from a break go to the most demanding station and/or the guard at the least demanding post rotates next to the most demanding post.
on page 50:
A guard going on break can walk through and check the locker room after they rotate out. Some breaks in rotations can be used to have guards circulate among patrons and reinforce parents being in arms reach of non-swimmer children in the pool.
page 52 The main reason lifeguards should not wear mirrored sunglasses is it is rude. When a guard is talking to a swimmer and the swimmer can't see the guard's eyes it makes them uncomfortable. Also, the manager can't see your eyes while you are scanning. Another reason came from one of my guards who learned it in EMT school. A victim's injuries can be reflected in the guard's sunglasses and upset victims who see their own injuries (especially bleeding on the face/scalp).
on page 58 near the SCUBA part at the top, write: All scuba diving emergencies are life threatening and require immediate attention, especially if the diver loses consciousness, shows paralysis or shows symptoms of stroke within 10 minutes of surfacing. (This is from the Red Cross Emergency Medical Response material.) See also symptoms of stroke, page 220.
page 82 The report should include not only the date/time of the incident, but also the date/time the report was filled out.
on page 90: at the bottom of the page, next to slide-in entry, write: skill sheet page 103
on page 91: next to stride jump... write: skill sheet page 103
next to compact jump... write: skill sheet page 91
next to run and swim entry... write: skill sheet page 105
next to assists... write: skill sheet page 106
on page 92: next to simple assists ... write: skill sheet page 106
next to active victim front rescue... write: skill sheet page 107
next to active victim rear rescue... write: skill sheet pages 108-109
next to passive victim rear rescue... write: skill sheet pages 109-110
on page 93: next to submerged victim in shallow water ... write: skill sheet page 112
next to submerged victim in deep water ... write: skill sheet pages 116-117
next to feet-first surface dive ... write: skill sheet pages 113-114
next to head-first surface dive ... write: skill sheet pages 114-115
next to multiple victim rescue... write: skill sheet page 111
on page 94: next to two person removal, write: skill sheets page 118-119
next to walking assists, write: skill sheet page 120
next to beach drag, write: skill sheet page 120
next to front and back carry, write: skill sheet page 121
on page 95: next to approaching a victim... write: skill sheet page 122
next to rescuing an active... write: skill sheet pages 123-124
next to rescuing a passive... write: skill sheet pages 124-125
next to using a watercraft... write: skill sheet page 126
on page 99: at the end of step 2 write: but don't let any air out through your nose
at the bottom of page 100: next to front head-hold escape, write: skill sheet page 128
next to rear head-hold escape, write: skill sheet pages 128-129
on page 102: at figure 6-22 write: skill sheet page 129
at the end of quick removal from shallow water for a small victim, write skill sheet page 130
on page 103: next to slide in entry, write: shallow water or if a head, neck or back injury is suspected
next to stride jump write: water at least 5' deep and you are no more than 3 feet above the water
on page 104:
Compact jump entries can only be performed from an elevated station that is located close to the pool edge. Do not attempt if the elevated station is set back from the pool edge.
next to compact jump write: from the deck or a height (when you are more than 3 feet above the water, the depth must be at least 5 feet)
on page 105: next to run and swim entry write: gradual depth pool/shoreline
on page 107 at step 2 write: Your hands should be shoulder width apart. You can hold the tube on the wide side or the narrow side, just so it is secure.
at step 3 write: your arms must be extended with elbows locked.
on page 108: at step 1 write: be sure the rescue tube is centered so it won't slip out
on page 109: at step 1 write: be sure the rescue tube is centered so it won't slip out
at the bottom, write:
(for more info on opening the airway, see page 143)
If the victim is unconscious, tell the assisting lifeguard to call 911, get the backboard and defibrillator.
on page 111: at step 1 write: be sure the rescue tube is centered so it won't slip out
at the bottom write: Which victim should you approach and reach for? You can often tell who grabbed who (arms around the neck, for example). If the two victims are about the same size, rescue the one who grabbed the other one. Once they are calm you can ask the one who was grabbed if they are okay and can swim to safety, and if they are, then convince the one who did the grabbing to let go.
If a younger person grabbed an older one you could assume the older one is a parent/younger one is their child and the parent will not want to let go of their child. Rescue the presumed parent.
On page 113 after the words feet-first surface dive, write: As you descend into deep water, be sure to equalize pressure early and often (see page 99). If you are unable to equalize pressure, return to the surface.
On page 114 after the words head-first surface dive, write: As you descend into deep water, be sure to equalize pressure early and often (see page 99). If you are unable to equalize pressure, return to the surface.
on page 116: at the top, write: As you descend into deep water, be sure to equalize pressure early and often (see page 99). If you are unable to equalize pressure, return to the surface.
During practice, if you have diffculties as the victim, a gentle tap on the rescuer's shoulder is a message to let go immediately.
on the left hand side of step 4: center the tube so it will not slip out.
at the bottom of the page, if unconscious, tell the assisting guard to call 911, get the defibrillator and a backboard
on page 117: at the top of the page, write: keep the victim's mouth and nose above the water
at the bottom write: The Red Cross notes that goggles are not allowed for submerged victim rescues since they have no mechanism for pressure relief, which could result in injury to the eyes when swimming in deeper water. You are expected to open your eyes under water to perform rescues.
on page 118: at the bottom of the page, write: lifeguard on land insures that the victim's mouth and nose remain above the water
on page 119: just above step 5 write: during practice, the victim should lift their head up off the board as they are being pulled from the water
at step 6: see primary assessment skill sheet pages 151-4
page 121 the video shows the guards letting the victim down to the ground, but they seem to be silent when then do so. You should talk to each other so you let the victim down to the ground/deck safely.
page 122:
A Canadian lifeguard manual gives this advice on steering a rescue board by doing any of the following (or all simultaneously):
while paddling, dragging the foot in the water on the side to which you wish to turn (to turn left, use your left foot as a rudder)
propelling with greater strength with the opposite arm to the direction in which you wish to steer
leaning to place more weight on the side to which you wish to turn - this causes greater drag on the turning side
To stop forward motion sit up on the board and use your legs as a brake, or slide off the board into the water as you would when you get to a victim.
on page 128 at the top write: During practice, if you run out of air or have other difficulties, a gentle tap on the other person's shoulder is a message to let go immediately.
on page 129 step 3 (simulate the ventilations)
on page 132:
Hepatitis B virus can live on a surface,
exposed to air and dried, for two weeks
on page 136:
Recommended adult vaccinations: Tetanus,
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) Varicella, Hepatitis B,
sometimes Influenza, Pneumoccal, Hepatitis A and Meningoccal.
on page 137:
Kevlar gloves are puncture resistant.
Nitrile gloves are resistant to most modern chemicals.
If you use latex, touch victims as little as possible
until you know if they are allergic to latex.
on page 140:
Never pour undiluted bleach straight from the bottle onto spills of blood, urine, sputum or vomit. Dangerous levels of toxic nitrous oxide gases could result.
page 141 at the bottom, next to walking assist, write: skill sheet page 156
on page 142: next to two person seat... ... write: skill sheet page 156
next to clothes drag, write: skill sheet page 158
next to pack-strap carry, write: skill sheet page 157
next to ankle drag: write: skill sheet 156
next to perform a primary assessment: write: skill sheet pages 151-4
next to summon EMS personnal write: If you must have a member of the public call 911 and they need to leave the scene to do so, have the caller tell 911 the victim condition and whether adult/child/or infant and then come back and tell you what 911 said.
on page 143:, at the bottom of the page
next to head-tilt/chin lift, write: skill sheet page 149
next to Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (With Head Extension) write: skill sheet page 150
next to Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (Without Head Extension) write: skill sheet page 150-151
on page 145 next to using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations, write: skill sheet page 149
next to recovery positions, write: skill sheet pages 154-155
next to recovery positions, write: skill sheet pages 154-155
on page 146, where it says Perform a secondary assessment, write: → skill sheet pages 216-217
page 150 above the words Jaw-Thrust(Without Head Extension)Maneuver
write: If a head, neck or spinal injury is suspected
on page 151, step 2:
If you must have a member of the public call 911 and they need to leave the scene to do so, have the caller tell 911 the victim condition and whether adult/child/or infant and then come back and tell you what 911 said.
on page 154 to make the skill a bit more easy to do, add the words "put your elbow on the floor" in this part of step 2: "Using your hand that is closest to the victim's head, cup the base of the victim's skull in the palm of your hand, put your elbow on the floor and carefully slide your forearm under the victim's ...
at the title Recovery Positions write: see also call first or care first page 147
on page 163: at giving ventilations write: skill sheet pages 181-182
on page 165:
Atmospheric air = 21% oxygen, rescue breathing/ventilations = 16% oxygen, BVM = 21% oxygen.
on page 168: at figure 8-7 write: skill sheet page 150
on page 170: at conscious choking write: skill sheet page 184
page 171 under the figure 8-9 write: if the victim is in a wheelchair you can also use chest thrusts
Page 171 at the bottom it says "if the victim becomes unconscious: carefully lower the victim to the ground and provide care for an unconscious choking victim."
But in the CPR for the Professional rescuer and Health Care Provider text (page 13) is says: "Conscious Choking Victim Who Becomes Unconscious. If the victim becomes unconscious, carefully lower the victim to the ground, open the mouth and look for an object . Continue to provide care for an unconscious choking victim.")
add the words "open the mouth and look for an object" in the sentence on page 171.
page 172 at the end of the unconscious choking section write: skill sheet pages 187-188
after the words emergency oxygen write: skill sheet pages 189-191
page 177 write: a victim who is uncomfortable with a mask on their face might be more comfortable if they hold it on their face themselves.
page 181 step 1, write:: If no resuscitation mask, for an adult or child put your mouth on their mouth and pinch the nose shut, for an infant put your mouth over their mouth and nose.
near the bottom of the page after the words place in a recovery posisiton, write: skill sheet pages 154-155
on page 182: after the words begin cpr write: skill sheet pages 207-208
after the words the airway could be blocked.....unconscious choking victim write: skill sheet pages 187-188
on page 184 add: "If the conscious choking victim is much taller than you and you can't get into a proper position to give back blows and/or abdominal thrusts, you can ask them to kneel."
At the top of page 187 write: "push, peek, puff".
page 189 see safety precautions page 174
page 191:
write: Secure the tank. If upright, secured to gurney,
if on side, in fold of towel so it can't roll.
In the NOTE: When monitoring .... next to the words pulse oximeter, write page 176.
To break down the oxygen equipment, reverse the steps, and make sure to bleed the pressure regulator by turning on the flowmeter after the tank has been turned off.
in table 9-1 on page 197:
30 compressions should take about 18 seconds. 15 compressions should take about 9 seconds.
page 192 When using a mechanical suctioning device (electrically powered, providing a vacuum that is powerfull enough to remove substances from the throat) at step 3 bullet 3 you would "turn on the machine and check that the suction is working according to the manufacturers instructions." ( This is from Emergency Medical Response.)
on page 198: after the words two-rescuer CPR, write: skill sheet pages 208-211
after the words AEDs write: skill sheet pages 212-213
It might also make things easier if you write the page numbers at the top of pages 204&5
On page 209: at step 4
2 minutes of compressions/ventilations for an adult should would be five sets, for a child it would be nine sets.
On page 210: at step 4
2 minutes of compressions/ventilations for an infant would be nine sets.
on page 212:
Real AED pads are much stickier than training pads, be sure to not get your gloves stuck on the pads.
at step 2 write: also wipe a small child's or infants's back dry.
on page 216: after the words using SAMPLE to take a brief history, write skill sheet page 239
on page 223: a cut will likely need stitches if the edges of skin do not fall together, it is over 1/2 inch long or on the face
after the words caring for external bleeding, write: skill sheet page 242
on page 228:
For sunburn, don't use "caine" products,
they provide only temporary relief and some people are allergic.
on page 235 at frostbite:
If away from help,
don't rewarm frostbitten toes and risk freezing them again as you hike to safety. Get to safety first, then rewarm.
on page 237: after the words see the splinting skill sheets....foot injuries, write skill sheet page 243
page 238 write: The woman may have had training to breathe slowly and deeply in through the nose and out through the mouth to relax.
In Emergency Medical Response, students are told: "Childbirth is a natural process and things rarely go wrong...Assisting with the delivery often is a simple process. The mother does all the work." If contractions are 5 minutes apart, EMS will get there before the baby. If intense contractions 2 minutes apart, lasting 60 to 90 seconds, birth is imminent.
on page 239:
after the words ...what medications are you taking? write: prescription, over-the-counter or herbal.
at the bottom of the page write:
Onset Provokes Quality Radiates Severity Time
on page 252 between step 1 and step 2
If the victim's arms are far out to the side, gently move the arm closest to you down next to their side before you put your forearms in place.
on page 261 at step 1. This is much easier to do if the guard is posistioned closer to the arms rather than the torso.
on page 263 after step 2:
If the board is in the wrong place, lower it and move it rather than trying to slide the victim around.
on page 264
at step 8: Check that victim's long hair
is out of the way.
page 265 at the top: Out on a lake the head immobilizer WILL float far away and should be stored in a net bag you can attach to the backboard until it is needed.
on page 265 after step 4:
If the board is in the wrong place, lower it and move it rather than trying to slide the victim around.
on page 266 at the top, the words "Once the backboard is in place" do not belong there. They should be on page 265 at step 4. Cross off those words on page 266 and insert the words on page 265 as shown: "... on both of the victim's arms. Once the backboard is in place, an assisting lifeguard stabilizes...
(The words "Once the backboard is in place" are correct on page 263, step 4.)
on page 266 at step 6: Check that victim's long hair
is out of the way.
on page 267
at step 1: Check that victim's long hair
is out of the way.
just above step 4- during practice, the victim should lift their head up off the board as they are being pulled from the water
in the glossary on page 276 add: L.O.C. - levels of consciousness
on page 269 at step 1:
Get consent to give care and explain what you are doing to the victim as you go along.
on page 272 at step 1:
Get consent to give care and explain what you are doing to the victim as you go along.
on page 288 at the end of the L listings, write LOC, 142
on page 290 in the U listings, write: unconscious choking, 187
__________________________________________
Did the item above about spa safety/hair entangled in drains sound like an urban rumor?
Unfortunately it's not.
An article from the Consumer Product Safety Commission: hair entanglement, entrapment and disembowelment associated with spas:
http://www.cpsc.gov/LIBRARY/FOIA/FOIA97/OS/BP9713.PDF
Newer spas now must have two drains so there is less chance of the full suction causing someone to get stuck, but there are still older models out there.
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