Grand Tetons sightseeing

Usually the only official part of the De Anza College Outdoor Club Grand Teton National park trip is the kayaking, but there’s lots more to see and do. Bring your good hiking boots and rain gear so you can stay out!

Don’t plan too tight of a schedule, as you may stop and spend quite awhile longer watching animals than you might have expected.

beaver nibbling

(There are more pictures of beavers at: Grand Tetons beaver lodge pictures)

You can download a Grand Teton park map at:
http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/maps.htm

to be able to follow along with this narrative.

Grand Teton National Park touring resources

Tetons names of peaks from Teewinot NPS photo: This drawing of the Teton range is often printed in the park newspaper. Details about the peaks are at: Teton range peak names

To print yourself a larger, more readable copy of three profile drawings below of the Teton Range with the names of peaks seen from these three views go to:

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/management/upload/profile.jpg:

1) Highway 89, one mile south of Moose Junction

drawing of mountian peaks with their names

2) Teton Point turnout on Highway 89

drawing of mountain peaks with their names

3) from Jackson Lake Lodge

drawing of mountain peaks with their names

 

Well worth looking at for info about animals and much more:
https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/resources-and-issues.htm

There are audio descriptions of historic waysides/buildings at: https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/photosmultimedia/audio-descriptions.htm including Mormon Row, Murie Ranch, Menor’s Ferry, James Magnes cabin, Bar BC Dude Ranch, Lucas-Fabin homestead, Jenny Lake Historic District, Jackson Lake Lodge, Leeks Marina, AMK Ranch and more, with a large map at: https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/photosmultimedia/upload/audio_description_location_map.pdf

simple map

The map above is included in the historic properties driving tour with more maps including White Grass Dude Ranch, Murie Ranch, Chapel of the Transfiguration, Menors Ferry & Maud Noble Cabins, Luther Taylor Cabins (used in the movie Shane), Mormon Row (and the John and Bertha Moulton House), Jenny Lake Ranger Station and Visitor Center (and the Crandall Studio), Cunningham Cabin, Elk Ranch and AMK Ranch (with a photo of Berol Lodge). See: https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/Historic-Properties-guide-access.pdf

sunset over the tetons and indians on a beach with a campfireRead about archeology and Native Americans at: https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/Archeology-access.pdf

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Please note it is against park regulations to imitate an elk bugle or wolf/coyote howl or use any artificial or natural audio attractants to attract or disturb wildlife.

Drones are also illegal, even for that perfect photo.

sign says drones prohibted in Grand teton National park

 

Grand Teton National park has an announcement that some park visitors seem to not have learned about:
Be thoughtful of how music may affect others. Operating an audio device, such as a stereo, Bluetooth speaker, radio, or musical instrument in a manner which is unreasonable and impacts park users is prohibited by law.”

 

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When you see a bunch of cars stopped along the road, it usually means someone spotted a large mammal. As you sightsee, park in parking lots in designated parking spaces or well out of traffic on a solid road side pavement strip. Remember that parking on natural vegetation results in permanent damage to plants; violators are ticketed.

Rarely there will be Park Rangers managing traffic:

bull elk crossing road, traffic stopped

 

When a bull elk decides to dine at the edge of a road, there might or might not be a park Ranger trying to keep vehicles from stopping / getting out of their vehicle to get that picture too close to the elk.
bull elk at edge of roadway, car driving by

Ranger at roadside with elk close in to road

 

All is well when the moose is up on a hill, but when he decides to come down, cross the road, and head for his mid-day napping/hiding place, people need to give him a lot more room than these did:

people too close to moose one: photographers too close to moose:

Read about safety at wildlife jams

The camera angle in one of the photos above makes the moose look much smaller than he was. Try this comparison of the size of a SUV or pickup truck with a camper shell and a moose (NPS photo) :

bull moose walks next to a pickup truck

Safe Distances from Wildlife includes reasons to stay away from even friendly seeming animals in parks, and charts and photos to better be able to determine and visualize how far away from wildlife you need to stay to be safe (and obey laws that do have penalties).

For your safety while wildlife viewing, stay 25 yards away, at least, for most wildlife, and 100 yards for bears, moose, elk, bison and wolves, whether on foot or in your car.

Keep the animal’s line of travel or escape route clear and move away if wildlife approaches you.

How far away is 100 yards? Picture the length of a football field without the end zones.

25 yards? picture four car lengths or six kayak lengths, or the width of an Olympic-sized pool like ours at the college.

NPS drawing of a human and various animals showing how far away we need to stay from wild animals

NPS drawing of a row of buses depicting the distance people need to stay away from animals

Grand Canyon National Park rangers say: “Follow the rule of thumb: if you can cover the entire wild animal with your thumb you’re at a safe distance. This distance is usually 25 yards from most wildlife and 100 yards from large wildlife . . . If you are close enough to take a selfie with an animal, you are too close.”

You will really want your own binoculars.

and a telephoto lens for your camera.

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You can’t always drive on every road or hike every trail.

The park enforces a half mile closure from (usually) Feb. 15 to Aug. 15 around all bald eagle nests, a closure from April 1 to September 1 within 330 feet (or as posted) around nesting sites of osprey, trumpeter swans, peregrine falcons and great blue herons. The area within one mile of wolf den sites is closed as well. Sometimes trails or even whole sections of roadways can be closed due to grizzly activity. Mid-march to mid-May the sage grouse seasonal mating arena (lek) is closed and observers are asked to arrive well before sunrise, remain as quiet as possible and not leave until after the birds have completed their morning display.

The Moose – Wilson road is closed briefly each year for dust abatement, or occasionally due to bear activity.

Winter months have many closures:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/management/wildlife-closures.htm

You could find a road blocked with cones and a sign saying the road is closed. An example of why the road to Signal Mountain summit was closed, from 2019, was that people were feeding bears and a black bear was bluff-charging people:

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/news/feeding-wildlife-is-illegal.htm

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NPS photo biking multi-use path: various cyclists on pathway with mountains in backgroundnps photo bike path and peaks: cyclist approaching on paved bike path with peaks in backgroundIt is safer to enjoy a bike ride on a designated bike/roller blade/walk path than on the road with drivers looking at scenery instead of you on your bike, and there is am 8 mile long pathway from the Moose Visitor Center (please walk your bike in the parking lot) to South Jenny Lake. Pets (except guide dogs) are prohibited and the pathway is closed from dusk to dawn for wildlife and public safety. Grand Tetons biking

Share the road. Cyclists must ride single file. Drivers should pass no closer than three feet (1.0 m) to bicycles and roadside pedestrians.

cyclists on road with narrow shoulder.: cyclists on road with narrow shoulder as a mini van approaches

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nps drawing bears: drawing of a black bear and a grizzly for comparisonWas that a black bear or a grizzly, a coyote or a wolf or a fox we just saw?

NPS photo Yellowstone wildlife montage Robert Hynes 180 pxls:

Rocky Mountain mammal size comparisons has photos and comparisons of beavers, squirrels, pika, marmot, elk, moose, bison, fox, coyote, wolf, golden-mantled ground squirrel, chipmunk, Red Squirrel (also known as) Chickaree, Unita Ground squirrels, bobcat, lynx, mountain lion (cougar), pine marten, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, grizzly and black bears, tundra swan, trumpeter swan, adult and juvenile Bald Eagles.

 

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Grand Teton National Park birds has photos and details about the most common ones we can hope to see
including Bald Eagle, Red-winged Blackbird, Mountain Bluebird, Canada Geese, Clark’s Nutcracker, Golden Eagle, Great Blue Heron.Great Gray Owl, Harlequin duck, Loon, Magpie, Merganser, Northern Flicker (woodpecker), Osprey, Ouzel, Pelican, Peregrine Falcon, Ptarmigan, Raven, Sandhill Cranes, Steller’s Jays, Trumpeter Swan, Western Meadowlark and Western Tanager, with links to calls / songs from most of them to listen to.

and you can Download photos of over a hundred birds of Grand Teton National Park
https://www.audubon.org/climate/national-parks/grand-teton-national-park

hawk flying

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And see: before a bison charges which includes what the bison was doing before it charged and injured people.

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Grand Teton National Park boat launch access has maps and answers to questions:

When do Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Lake boat ramps open and close?
Where and how long can I park my boat trailer in Grand Teton National Park?
Can I bring my dog on my boat in Grand Teton National park?

and photos, details & maps about marinas and/or free boat launch ramps at Leeks Marina, Colter Bay, Jackson Lake Dam, Snake River Launch to Pacific Creek Landing, Snake River Launch and take out, Signal Mountain Lodge, and a String Lake launch ramp for non-motorized, hand carried boats

as well as details and maps of boat-in camping on Jackson Lake.
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Expect that by mid-day many trailhead parking lots and the roadways alongside the parking lot will be full.

parking lot full of vehicles

 

a narrow band of sunset clouds

This webpage describes the

two roads between Moose Junction and Jackson Lake Junction.

(Highways 191, 26/89 and the Teton Park Road)

and the
Moose-Wilson road
that comes in to Moose from the Granite entrance station to the Moose entrance station

 

 

simple map

Moose-Wilson road runs from Wilson, Wyoming to Moose in the park.
(On the map above, note the Sawmill Ponds parking, one of the few places you can actually stop on the road.)

View of the Tetons at the junction of Teton Park Road and Moose-Wilson Road:

sagebrush and mountains

sign moose wilson road:

moose crossing road

A park service Youtube video describes the wildlife viewing opportunities: Best Place to View Wildlife: Moose-Wilson Corridor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izf42XyfE_M

Below, a scene from the NPS video with cars on the Moose-Wilson road:
cars on road and moose in foreground

moose

Road work on the Moose- Wilson road is ongoing, with some delays for people. Besides new pavement, the park will get

“Granite Canyon Trailhead construction will be completed in the fall of this year with parking lot paving, the addition of vault toilets, concrete walks, pavement markings, signs, and site restoration.
Granite Entrance Station site construction will be completed in the fall with improved entrance and exit lanes, and construction of a bicycle connection to the Teton County pathway. Site restoration and the architectural addition at the entrance station will occur after the road construction is completed.”

Learn all about it at: https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/news/moose-wilson-road-summer-construction-schedule.htm

LSR preserve center NPS photo: building in sage flat with mountains behind From Moose, four miles south on the slow, winding Moose-Wilson road, is the Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve. No trailers are allowed and the maximum vehicle length 23.3 feet. (For example, a Sequoia with a fairly long bike rack will fit, but measure your vehicle if you are not certain.) Carpools and an early arrival are advised as there is limited parking (50 spaces) and the lot often fills 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.

Some years in parts of August / September the Moose-Wilson road is totally closed beyond the LSR Preserve to protect bears feeding on berries, and/or is closed for dust abatement.

A large part of this preserve was a dude ranch donated to the park. “All of the buildings have been removed from the JY Ranch and the land returned to its natural habitat.”

The main center building is LEED (Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design) platinum level, like our De Anza College Kirsch Center. It features high-definition nature videos, a library with comfy seating and a soundscape room with nature recordings Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve Soundscape Key . You can pick up a nature explorers pack.

The center is open 9 or 10 a.m. to 5 or 6 p.m. (May 30 or June 1- Sept. 20 or 22) most years. Check the park website for times/dates this year.

“Park Ranger Clay Hanna describes the philosophy of Laurance S. Rockefeller and how it is embodied in the experience of visitors to the Moose-Wilson corridor and the LSR Preserve.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0od_zf-VChI

displays and large map

On one wall is an extraordinary rendition of Phelps Lake, (a short hike from the center), made of hundreds of individual nature photos that the photos below do not do justice to:

Phelps lake photo collage: hundreds of small photos together to look like a lake phelps lake photo collage close up: six photos from a collage

simple map

You can find a larger copy of this NPS photo map of the trails near Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve and Phelps Lake, Granite Canyon, Open Canyon, Death Canyon, Stewart Draw, Mount Hunt, Fox Creek Pass, Mt. Hunt Divide, Static Peak Divide, Static Peak, Albright Peak, Mt Meek Pass, Death Canyon Shelf, Prospectors Mountain and White Grass Meadow at:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID=2325974

photo map of lakes, roads trails and peaks

NPS photo of Phelps Lake from the Death Canyon trail:

NPS photo of Phelps Lake from the Death Canyon trail

A topographical map of the Alaska Basin, Open Canyon, Death Canyon, Granite Canyon and Phelps Lake trails from the preserve is at:

https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/Death_Canyon_topo.pdf

The park has this birding info:
Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve Several trails follow creeks and traverse a glacial moraine with mixed conifers and aspens. Look
for western tanagers, MacGillivray’s warblers, northern flickers, Lazuli buntings, ruby-crowned kinglets and green-tailed towhees. Listen for the
sweet songs of hermit and Swainson’s thrushes. Calliope and broad-tailed hummingbirds feed on scarlet gilia.

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The main road through Grand Teton National Park, Highways 191, 26/89, is straighter and generally faster than the Teton Park Road, described later at this webpage. except during road construction. It has a nighttime (usually 30 minutes after official sunset to 30 minutes before official sunrise) speed limit of 45 m.p.h.

signs say caution, elk and moose ahead, no joke be alert, 45 at night

From Grand Teton park news releases: “A total of 37 animals are known to have been struck by vehicles on park roadways in 2016. One grizzly bear cub, two black bears, nine deer, two bison, nine elk, two coyotes, and one red fox were involved in those collisions, which do not always involve a confirmed mortality. Over 100 large wildlife are known to be hit on park roadways annually, with 118 in 2015 and 115 in 2014.” . . . “In 2010, vehicles in the park hit and killed two wolves, five bears, 6 pronghorn, 17 bison, five moose, 41 deer and 48 elk. Most of the deaths occurred between dawn and dusk on the main highway between Moose and Moran Junctions. Please drive the speed limit and be prepared to stop suddenly. Speed was the biggest factor, especially at night when people “overdrive their high beams – when stopping distance is greater than the headlight illumination distance.” Driving slower than the posted speed limit, especially after dark, can save animal (and human) lives.”

sign wildlife crossing: sign means go slow: sign that bill moose: sign is some cows beau: sign slow down:

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Just past the road leading to the Moose Entrance Station, at Moose Junction, while on Highways 191, 26/89, going north toward Moran, if you turn off at Antelope Flats road just north of Moose, Mormon Row runs south from it to Gros Ventre Junction road.

simple map

buildings clouds Mormon Row: barn on Morman Row: nps photo morman row: Teton peaks in background, barn and outbuildings in middle, grassy field on foreground

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/mormon.htm

The park has this birding info:
Antelope Flats – Kelly Road Large hayfields attract raptors such as American kestrels, prairie falcons, red-tailed and Swainson’s hawks and northern harriers hunting small rodents. Check fence posts for western meadowlarks, western and eastern kingbirds and mountain bluebirds. Scan the old pastures for long-billed curlews and savannah sparrows

 

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The main highway has a number of turnouts to stop and take pictures,
and side roads down to the river.

Blacktail Ponds overlook is not shown on most park maps. The road to it is on the left, a half-mile north of Moose on US Highway 26/89/191. You will drive past Blacktail Butte on your right, and just past the turnoff to Mormon row.

You can see a Google Map 360 degree view of the intersection at the highway at:
https://www.google.com/maps/@43.6659515,-110.6938046,3a,75y,95.35h,84.52t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sqLXOB36mhpz5WgdmWio7WQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DqLXOB36mhpz5WgdmWio7WQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D103.79359%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656?entry=ttu

“Blacktail Pond
Old beaver ponds have filled with sediment and now support grassy meadows where elk graze during the cooler parts of the day. Several kinds of ducks feed in the side channels of the Snake River. Moose browse on willows growing along the river.”

The park offers this birding info:
Blacktail Ponds Overlook From this overlook north of Moose Junction view
many different communities. Wetlands are home to American wigeons, blue-winged teal, mallards,
and goldeneyes. Up to six species of swallows zip by catching insects. Bald eagles and osprey roost in the cottonwoods. Yellow warblers, song sparrows and willow flycatchers frequent the willows.

You will need binoculars to see closely down at Blacktail ponds from the overlook:

people standing at fence

mountain range with forest and ponds in foreground

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simple map

Glacier View turnout (approximately 26 parking spaces), has this view:


 
At the end of bumpy dirt/mud Schwabacher Landing Road, (approximately 20 parking spaces) here is the view:

NPS photo Schwabacher landing: Schwabacher landing sunset 2010 120 pixels photo by Alan Ahlstrand: mostly clouds, some mountains and trees

NPS photo used with permission Schwabachers landing by D Lehle

This next photo is courtesy of Tom Ingram Photography, all rights reserved tomingramphotography
mountain range and sunset clouds

At the parking lot at the end of Schwabacher Landing Road there is a small restroom, a path and trail to an area by the river that usually has a few benches:

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simple map

 

 

The Snake River overlook (approximately 16 parking spots),
is where Ansel Adams took his famous 1942 black and white picture. (Photo from National Archives.)

You will need to wander around a bit to try to find the exact place he took it from,

from National Archive Ansel Adams Tetons from Snake River:

not to mention trees have grown in.

clouds, mountains and forested river

and here, the view from Snake River overlook just after sunset:

mountains and clouds

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We recommend you include a 3/4 mile walk around the 1890 Cunningham Cabin, (see map above on this webpage) 6 miles south of Moran.

cabin and peaks behind

Here, the view out the window space at the back:

view of mountains thru window space in a log cabin

It’s a lodgepole pine “dog-trot” building of two boxes apart from each other with a sod-covered roof over its entirety, creating a veranda in the center. At first it was used as a house, then a barn and smithy.

cunningham cabin roof detail: Cunningham cabin interior roof detail:

The buck-and-rail fences at the homestead and in the entire area were used so that people didn’t have to dig fence post holes in the rocky ground. They are designed with upright Xs or “cross bucks” supporting the horizontal rails.

fence

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/cunning.htm

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All along this road are occasional opportunities for seeing bison, or in this case, horses and bison grazing together:

bison and horses grazing: bison and horses grazing 156 pixels:

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/elkran.htm

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Part of the road is often long and straight,

long highway:

tempting you to exceed the speed limit, but try not to. You’ll be much happier when you have the time to brake as an animal runs across the road in front of you or a tourist stops suddenly when they think they’ve seen something.

sign danger do not approach wildlife:
pronghorn: Elk:

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simple map
At the Moran Junction and Moran entrance station the main road bears left. From the entrance station it is 5 miles to a junction with the Teton Park Road described below. On the way you should stop at the small parking lot / turnoff on the left for Oxbow Bend, one of the best aquatic wildlife watching areas. Check with the park for times a Ranger will be there to answer questions. On our trips this is the place we most often kayak at in the morning, starting before sunrise.

Photo below by Fred Hanselmann http://www.hanselmannphotography.com/Pictures_of_the_tetons.html)

OxbowDawn2 by Fred Hanselmann:

 

 

The other road through Grand Teton National Park in this circle tour (Teton Park Road, inner park road) is on the other side of the river, closer to the mountains. It also has many turnouts worth stopping at.

simple map

Snake river channels and bull moose: three river channels and one bull moose with rain clouds in background

Just past Moose Junction, there is a bridge on the Snake River at Moose, Wyoming that looks down on prime moose habitat.

It can be a safe place to watch moose from relatively nearby, (with you up on the bridge)
as long as you don’t drop your sunglasses, camera, binoculars over the bridge.

With a telephoto or your own binoculars you can see any moose that are in the vicinity up close:

bull moose below Snake River bridge: moose standing in water bull moose in bushes Sept 2010: bull moose standing in shallow river water bull moose at Snake River bridge 2010: bull moose standing in water

 

At Moose junction, just over the bridge, turn left to the Grand Tetons Discovery and Visitor center , (also know as the Moose Visitor Center, and also known as the Craig Thomas Discovery and Visitor center) which has the biggest collection of books, postcards and posters for sale (they accept your Yosemite Conservancy donor membership card for a discount) and free wireless internet.

shelves of books, posters, videos, tshirts

No longer open year-round. Closed early November to early March. Various hours depending on time of year. Early June to late September, often open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Parking lot has 180 total spaces with 20 oversize spaces for RVs, boats, and buses.

Grand Teton visitor center at Moose nps photo: sagebrush in foreground, building with two story windows NPS rendering of 2007 Grand Teton Visitor Center: NPS photo interior teton visitor center: sublette and campbell painting nps photo: painting of two riders on horseback

From the welcome-to info:

“Touch rocks, video rivers, climbing equipment, fur, footprints, and life-like displays stimulate the senses and invite exploration of Grand Teton National Park…

The interwoven themes of place, people, and preservation encourage visitors to connect intellectually and emotionally with Grand Teton National Park. The “video river”, a series of video screens in the floor with an accompanying soundtrack, leads you from “Place” to “People” to “Preservation” following the symbolic river flowing through the valley. As you enter “Place,” the video river displays footage of animals and the landscape during the different seasons. The “People” footage traces American Indians, trappers, and visitors across this landscape. Finally, the “Preservation” footage shows the story of historic structures, wild places, and on-going processes that are important to the park’s future. Images of flowing water at the end of each video segment connect the three themes…

A raised-relief map provides a birds-eye view of this landscape. The color scheme replicates natural communities, while the wedge of the Teton Range towers over Jackson Hole and slopes gently toward the Idaho plains. Look for the park’s major landmarks such as the Grand Teton and Jenny Lake. Notice metal bars embedded in the floor, radiating like spokes from the entry toward the terrace. If you stand on these “Peak Identifiers” and look west, your gaze will fall upon one of the major peaks in the Teton Range. Inside, the bars are engraved with the peak name and elevation, but if you follow the bars out to the terrace, you can learn the origin of the peak’s name and interesting facts about that mountain.”

You can watch a 24 minute high-definition movie about the earthquakes that created the range, the first native Americans, fur traders, settlers, dude ranchers, Grand Teton National Park: Life on the Edge, or see part of it before you go https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pK0fCeUflGI

 

Down a side road is a float trip parking area, down another side road on the opposite side of the river are rental cabins, gas, small store, a deli/pizzeria and canoe/bike/sports rentals.

Find each of these on a large map at:

Moose, Wyoming

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drawing of roads, parking and buildings and Grand Teton National park Murie Ranch

Somewhat behind the Moose visitor center, (map: https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/Moose_map_press.pdf )
just up the Moose Wilson Road and a left turn at the sign,
is the Murie Ranch, as a National Historic Landmark, with occasional tours. Some of the guided tours might include a peek inside the Murie residence:

large log cabin

Below, the Murie residence on the right and the Olaus Murie studio on the left:

two cabins

Watch videos about wilderness and science at the Murie Ranch at:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/photosmultimedia/murievids.htm

Read about the history of the ranch, an inventory of everything, including all the books on their bookshelves, and the work of the Muries as political activists with the Wilderness Society. “Mardy’s unwavering support of wilderness protection and other environmental causes earned her our nation’s highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom, and the affectionate title of “grandmother of the modern conservation movement.” ” https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/upload/2013-Murie-HFR-opt.pdf A National Public Radio program about Mardy Murie is at:
http://www.npr.org/display_pages/features/feature_860015.html

Take a self-guided tour:
https://www.tetonscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/TMR_SelfGuidedTour_Digital.pdf

See map above where you turn on the Teton Park Road at the intersection at Moose Junction, go over a bridge and past the Visitor Center and make a left on Moose-Wilson Road, then another left where the the road to the Murie Ranch will take you to a small parking lot near the office:

office in a cabin

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Just past Moose, save time for a long stop at the 1/2 mile loop trail pioneer homesteading displays, historic cabin and store at Menor’s Ferry. (See map above on this page, the turnoff is on the right as you drive north on the Teton park road just north of the Moose Visitor Center.)

Lots of pictures at: https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/menor.htm

Dopwnload a map at: https://www.nps.gov/media/photo/collection-item.htm?pg=7347320&cid=305fb7af-a71b-469b-941e-a98b439c882f&id=afb32aa4-ff5e-4720-96d2-c895bb21e9ec&sid=4edbe99696804c28a3b7f437d025c2e1&p=1&sort=relevance
The park service says the trail “affords a look at homesteading and pioneer life in Jackson Hole. Ride a replica of the ferry that crossed the Snake River at the turn of the century (the ferry is launched after high water in the spring, usually after the 4th of July,” when staffing allows).

display at Menors ferry: Menor's ferry and store:

“Bill Menor charged 50 cents for a team, 25 cents for a horse and rider. A foot passenger was carried free if a vehicle was crossing…

NPS photo: NPS photo menor2 120 pixels:

During the wild berry season, Bill would charge “huckleberry rates” to the local people—fare one way only—when the berries were ripe along the ridges and around the lakes under the Tetons…

“Once, after looking over the miles of sage that covered the levels of land that rise from the river to the mountains, an Eastern lady said to Bill, “Mr. Menor, what do you raise in this country?”
Bill, a dyed-in-the-wool bachelor, looked at her and said, “Hell and kids and plenty of both.”

Historic Menor store hours usually are 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. through late September. Join a ranger for a 45 minute walk June-early Sept.

Read more at:

https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/menor.htm

The park website page about Menor’s ferry is at:
http://www.nps.gov/grte/historyculture/menors.htm

Read a thumbnail history of the founding of the park at:
http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/creation.pdf

Photo below from http://www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com/tetons2.html

menors1909 wyomingtalesandtrails:

The park has this birding info:
Menors Ferry at Moose Follow the pathway to homesteader cabins along the Snake River. Violet-green, tree, cliff and barn swallows scoop insects out of the air as western wood-pewees, dusky flycatchers and mountain bluebirds hawk for flying insects. Yellow warblers glean insects from cottonwood trees and shrubs. Calliope, broad-tailed and rufous hummingbirds seek wildflower nectar. Kingfishers, common mergansers, ospreys and bald eagles catch fish.

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The Chapel of the Transfiguration is nearby. You’ll recognize the altar window view framing the tallest Teton peaks from postcards.
The park services asks: “Please be respectful, the chapel is a house of worship.”

photo below used with permission from Ron Niebrugge: http://www.wildnatureimages.com/

chapel of the transfiguration by Ron Niebrugge: chapel of the transfiguration in Grnd teton park, with the Teton mountains in the background used with permission from the photographer Ron Niebrugge

The Sacred Heart Chapel, right on the lake, south of Jackson Lake dam, is not the same photo opportunity.

Scroll around here to see the short path to the Chapel of the Transfiguration from the parking lot. The other buildings and displays are a longer walk on a paved trail.

Moose, Wyoming has a black and white aerial photo/map that could help you locate Menor’s and the Chapel of the Transfiguration.

a narrow band of sunset reflected on the water

 

Next watch for the turnout on the left, with a parking lot (59 total spaces, 5 oversize spaces)
for the Taggart Lake and Bradley Lake hikes.
Scroll around at this Google Maps 360 degree view to see the parking lot and trailhead. The parking lot has 59 spaces, 5 oversized.

two lakes, road, creek and mountains

You can find a larger copy of the NPS photo map below, which shows the location of Taggart Lake, Bradley Lake, Avalanche Canyon, Garnet Canyon, Stewart Draw, Buck Mountain, Mt. Wister, South Teton, Nez Perce, Middle Teton, Grand Teton, Mt. Owen, and Teton Glacier at:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID=2325972

photo map with lakes, trails, peaks, highway

Taggart Lake:

lake below peak

Bradley Lake:

lake and mountains

A Google maps 360 degree view of Bradley Lake.

Below, NPS photo of Bradley & Taggart Lakes from the Garnet Canyon Trail:

Bradley & Taggart Lakes from Garnet Canyon Trail

and see https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/Taggart_Lake_topo.pdf

simple map

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simple map

On the left about 8 miles from Moose is the side road to South Jenny Lake, and the Jenny Lake Visitor Center with geology information, a small store and in season, the (fee) shuttle boat across the lake to Cascade Canyon. The Ranger Station issues backcountry permits (hours often 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., early June to early September). Visitor Center hours usually 8 a.m. to 5 or 7 p.m., open mid May to late September. Parking is crowded, even with 414 spaces, (9 RV only), or not available from about 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the summer “and you may be required to park along the road. If doing so, pull fully off the shoulder.”

Here, the typical look at mid-day, with lines of cars driving around and around through the parking lots:
rows of cars

The campground was the first to fill each day when the campgrounds were first come, first served, and can be expected to be filled in advance much of the summer now that campgrounds are on a reservations system.

 

Birding notes: “On Jenny Lake, a variety of waterfowl may be seen such as Canada goose (Branta canadensis), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Barrow’s goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), and common merganser (Mergus merganser).

In the lodgepole pine forest . . . to the west, common birds include olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), yellow-rumped warbler, (Dendroica coronata), Steller’s jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula), mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli), white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), chipping sparrow (Spizella passerine), red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), pine siskin (Carduelis pinus), red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), and dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis).

Local raptors commonly observed in lodgepole pine forests and sagebrush-grasslands in and around Jenny Lake include red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), common raven (Corvus corax), great-horned owl (Bubo virginianus),
northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), and rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) (in the winter).

Other common birds in the area include gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis), barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), and mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides).
Species more closely linked to sagebrush-grasslands include the green-tailed towhee (Pipilo chlorurus), Brewer’s sparrow (Spizella breweri), and sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli).

Non-migratory species include the hairy and downy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus and P.
pubescens), and black-billed magpie (Pica hudsonia).

 

Cascade Canyon is a quite popular hike, sometimes crowded, but not if you get up earlier or go farther than most of the hikers. We’ve seen moose, deer, a black bear, a pine marten, a fox, a weasel, marmots, pikas, river otters, golden-mantled ground squirrels, tree squirrels, Steller jays, tanagers, sparrows, water ouzels, butterflies and more.

Most people only do the short walk to Hidden Falls, so the crowds disappear as you go farther.

Below, Hidden Falls in June and September:

Hidden Falls: Hidden falls september 2005:

and many people go to the Inspiration Point viewpoint down to the lake (The Rangers lead hikes there daily usually at 8:30 a.m. for about 2 1/2 hours from early June to early Sept. and occasionally later in September). For a farther hike it’s 4.5 miles to the trail junction and another 2.7 miles and a 1,000 foot plus climb to Lake Solitude at 9,024 feet elevation.

Cascade Canyon, Grand Teton National Park has pictures, maps, more details and the shuttle boat cost.

You can find a larger copy of the NPS photo map below of Jenny Lake, String Lake, Leigh Lake, Paintbrush Divide, Cascade Canyon, Paintbrush Canyon, Hanging Canyon, Mount Woodring, Mount Moran, Teewinot, Holly Lake and Lake Solitude at:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID=2325994

photo map with trails, lakes, peaks and roads

thin line of gray colors made from a clouds photo

A few miles further north on the Teton Park road is the turnoff at North Jenny Lake Junction
to String Lake, with 226 total parking spaces in three lots, 18 oversized parking spaces.

and the hike/or paddle and portage to Leigh Lake.

One stop on the road between the Teton Park road North Jenny Lake Junction and the String Lake Junction is the Cathedral Group Turnout with a spectacular view of the Grand Teton (13,770′), Teewinot (12,317′) and Mt. Owen (12,922′).

See details at String Lake.

Just past the road to the String Lake parking lots, the road becomes one way going past Jenny Lake Lodge for the Jenny Lake Scenic Drive (also known as Jenny Lake Loop Road). No parking is allowed on the scenic road, just in a couple of turnouts (please don’t park in the bike lane).

If you stay at, dine at or just take a look at Jenny Lake Lodge, you do not need to exit the property at the driveway you came in on off the one-way road and be stuck in traffic. There is a map showing the back road / driveway out of Jenny Lake Lodge at Jenny Lake Lodge map.

 

In 2022 “The popular Scenic Drive” (3 mile / 4.8 km long) “that starts at String Lake in the north, continues south along Jenny Lake and connects to Teton Park Road was restriped to allow for one-way vehicle traffic and two-way bicycle traffic. The existing southbound bicycle lane was widened to allow for bicycles and vehicles and a new northbound lane was created for bicycles only.”

see the one-way road in the map below:
simple map

At one end of the scenic drive where it connects to the Teton Park Road, you will see Wrong Way (do not enter) signs for automobiles, but also see arrows showing it is okay for bikes to enter, since the road is one-way for autos/truck/RVs and 2 way for bicyclists.road with wrong way signs

This was how it looked before the striping to make it two-way for bicycles:

bike lane and riders

and how it looks now:bike on one lane, car in another
As you drive, bike or hike this route you are on the terminal moraine of the Jenny Lake Glacier that formed the lake. There is a small parking lot right above the lakeshore on the right hand side with this view across to Cascade Canyon:

Cascade Canyon from across Jenny Lake:
and here, the view from out on the lake, up to the overlook (see the fencing near the top of the photo):

view up cliff from lake
We like this road better than some others for bike riding as the traffic is slower.

The Jenny Lake Scenic Drive rejoins the Teton Park Road near South Jenny Lake. Watch out for people on the Teton Park Road trying to turn onto the one-way road you are leaving.

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simple map

Back on the Teton Park Road, just past the North Jenny Lake Junction, is the Mountain View turnout with 23 parking spaces
(the lime green dot on the map above) with this view:

mountains at back, flowers in foreground

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simple map

Just under 6 miles to the north you find the intersection, to the 5 mile drive up (20 mph)
Signal Mountain summit road for a panoramic view of the entire Teton range,
Jackson Lake and most of Jackson Hole.
(The road is usually closed November to May.)

mountains and long lake
A description of the drive, maps and which parking lot to use for which views, is at: Signal Mountain, Wyoming.

This sign might be on the road:

sign that says entering sensitive wildlife area, follow the direction of park staff. Do not stop in the road

 

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On the left past Signal Mountain Lodge (see also Grand Teton Lodging) and Signal Mountain Campground

is the Chapel of the Sacred Heart, (see a google maps 360 degree view), which is not the chapel with the postcard view of the Tetons from the altar window, that is the Chapel of the Transfiguration, at Moose.

and then you’ll see Jackson Lake close by for the first time.

Jackson Lake from the dam:

Here, a photo at sunset:

sunset reflection on mountain and lake

Just past the bay, where the road moves away from Jackson Lake, on the left hand side is a small parking area for a two story building with no public access, the Brinkerhoff cabin. This historic lodge is used by the Park Service for VIP housing, including some U.S. Presidents. The cabin and outbuildings are “closed to all public entry unless permission is granted by the Superintendent or their representative.”

two story log cabin

cabin with log walls and western furnishings

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Further past this bay, just before the dam itself, on the left is a small parking lot with restrooms and a smaller parking lot on the right. From there you can walk by the dam, but not out on the dam for a long view and pictures.
sign says no stopping on dam

Google maps 360 degree view.

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simple map

At Jackson Lake junction our two roads meet and combine to head north to
Colter Bay and Yellowstone.

 

 

On the left will be a turnout/ small parking lot for walk to a view of Willow Flats,

mountain range beyond sagebrush flat
that sometimes has signs warning people to NOT use the trails out to the view. sign says danger, due to bear activity, area beyond this sign closed

Willow Flats overlook parking lot (360 degree view)
(360 degree tour)

Watch photographer Tom Mangelsen photographing a moose: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Duqd8dfrA44

The park service has this birding info:
Willow Flats
Extensive willow thickets merge with wet grassy meadows crossed by small creeks and beaver dams. Cinnamon teal, green-winged teal and American wigeon frequent ponds and creeks. Sandhill cranes, northern harriers, American bitterns, common snipes and soras nest here. Calliope hummingbirds feed on scarlet gilia. Red naped sapsuckers and other woodpeckers abound. Frequent songbirds include willow flycatchers; cliff swallows; yellow, MacGillivray’s and Wilson’s warblers; common yellowthroats; fox and white- crowned sparrows; pine siskins; and yellow-headed blackbirds. Lazuli buntings and green- tailed towhees use the drier hillsides adjacent to Willow Flats.

photos of some of these are at: Grand Teton birds

and the park offers this:

Willow Flats: north of the Jackson Lake Dam moose browse on willow shrubs. At dawn and dusk, elk graze on grasses growing among willows. Predators such as wolves and grizzly bears pursue elk calves in early summer. Beavers create ponds by damming
streams that also harbor muskrats and waterfowl

 

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Just before you pass Jackson Lake Lodge you might find a traffic jam and cars parked along the roadway. This will either be because someone spotted a moose on the left at a big pond well below the roadway, or because a lot of people are looking for moose, swans and ducks along the sagebrush trails of Christian Pond on the right.

The trail from Jackson Lake Lodge to Christian Pond, an easy, 3.3 mile / 5.3 kilometer loop trail, (dotted line on the map below) goes under the highway:
simple map

And look for the black and white aerial photo at: Jackson Lake Lodge vicinity to find Christian Pond.

The park has this birding advice:
Christian Pond Look for waterfowl such as ruddy ducks, ring- necked ducks, American wigeon, American coots, and the occasional Trumpeter swan.

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COLTER BAY VISITOR CENTER and INDIAN ARTS MUSEUM

About eight miles north of Jackson Lake junction, down the road from the Colter Bay campground, Tent Village and cabins, the Colter Bay visitor center (open early May to mid October, times vary with each season. Summer usually 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.).

Some of the David T. Vernon Indian Arts Museum displays have been sent to a conservation facility.

Each year the park sponsors a program for visiting Native American artists at the Colter Bay Visitor Center, usually a different artist each week, May to September. Guest artists usually exhibit daily, Monday through Sunday, from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. adjacent to the Grand Teton Association bookstore. Artists also offer their finished items for purchase, including painting, carving, beadwork, weaving, jewelry, quillwork, drums, flutes, flint knapping, knives &/or pottery.

At the north end of Colter Bay there is a 1.5 mile trail with a small causeway to an island. A self-guiding nature trail goes around the island. The trail starts behind the visitor center or at the day use area. Maps, photos of and descriptions of the trails from Colter Bay are here.

Look for the black and white aerial photo at: Colter Bay, Grand Teton National Park to find the visitor center, lakeside picnic area, grocery, etc.

You can find a larger size copy of the NPS trail photo map below of Colter Bay, Half Moon Bay, Little Macinaw Bay, Swan Lake, Cygnet Pond, Heron Pond, Hermitage Point, Donoho Point and Willow Flats at:
https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID=2326181

NPS photo map with lake, trails, roads

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Past Colter Bay, on your way to Yellowstone, stop at the north end of Jackson Lake for this view, as seen in an Ansel Adams photograph (courtesy of the National Archives.)

from national archives Jackson Lake Ansel Adams:

 

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You can get boat or backpack permits, a complete bird checklist, park fishing regulations and lots of other information and questions answered at any visitor center. The Moose and Jenny Lake centers have a raised relief map of the park, a section of which is shown below. (Jackson Lake is the big lake, Jenny Lake is the lake in blue at the top left, the red dot is the visitor center.)

raised relief map of all of Jackson Lake:
Adventurers young and old can pick up the paperwork to earn a Grand Teton Junior Ranger badge, and take the pledge. You will want to start work on this at the beginning of the De Anza trip to have time to complete it.

young naturalist badge smaller: young naturalist pledge:
 

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elk crossing road at sunrise 2011: two elk crossing road with Mount Moran in the background

deer at side of road, fawn in roadway

sign slow down wildlife on road: sign wildlife on road slow down: sign watch for migrating wildlife:

Annual impacts of vehicle collisions with wildlife in Grand Teton: $155,000 personal property damage, over 100 large animals killed annually.

Photos of griz and cubs and of a porcupine crossing a road in Grand Teton Park courtesy of NPS:

Griz and cubs cross road NPS photo Grand teton park:

porcupine crossing highway

 

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park ranger talks to driver
Top reasons not to speed in a National Park has defensive driving advice.

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bear cub standing up and touching a sign that says Do Not Stop

The local Forest Service reminds us:

YOU ARE TOO CLOSE TO WILDLIFE IF:

· The animal stops feeding or resting.

· The animal starts moving either toward or away from you.

· The animal starts panting, huffing or making unusual sounds.

· The animal begins pawing the ground or swinging its head.

· Neck hair or feathers stand up.

· The animal appears nervous, uneasy or stressed.

If you notice these signs you are disturbing the animal and it is time to slowly move away.The safest way to view wildlife is through binoculars or spotting scopes.”

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photo of entrance station

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Grand Teton and Yellowstone driving distances

Idaho Falls- Jackson 86 miles

Jackson – Gros Ventre river 7 miles

Jackson at south highway 89 to Colter Bay 43 miles

Gros Ventre river – Moose 6 miles

Moose – Moran 18 miles

Moran -Jackson Lake junction 4 miles

Moose – Colter Bay 28.4 miles

Moose – Jenny 10 miles

Jenny – Jackson Lake Junction 11 miles

Jenny – Colter Bay 18 miles

Jackson Lake Junction – Colter Bay 10 miles

Colter Bay – Leek’s marina 2.4 miles

Colter Bay – Signal Mountain Lodge 9.4 miles

Colter Bay – West Thumb Yellowstone 39 miles

Colter Bay – Jackson Lake Lodge 5.9 miles

Moran – West Thumb Yellowstone 48 miles

Moran – Old Faithful Yellowstone 66 miles

West Thumb Yellowstone – Madison Junction 33 miles

Madison Junction Yellowstone – Norris Junction 13 miles

Norris Junction Yellowstone – Canyon Junction 12 miles

Canyon Junction Yellowstone – Lake Junction ( fishing bridge) 15 miles

Lake Junction ( fishing bridge) – West Thumb Yellowstone 20 miles

Old Faithful Yellowstone – Boseman, Montana 119 miles

Old Faithful Yellowstone – Cody, Wyoming 116 miles

Old Faithful Yellowstone – Idaho Falls 138 miles

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For details about our next club trip to Grand Teton National Park, go to: Grand Tetons.

Grand Tetons trip pages index has brief descriptions of most of the pages about this trip.

and there’s more info at:

Grand Tetons kayaking.

Enhance a hike or just a drive by reading:

The day hike gear section at Camping equipment checklist

GORP and hiking snacks

Thunderstorm and lightning safety
includes the answer to the question:
Why can’t you swim during a lightning storm?
A lightning strike on a lake doesn’t kill all the fish in the lake.

At altitude

Backpacking Advice

see also: Cell phones in the wilderness which has advice on how/when to use a cell phone to contact 911 in the wilderness and a warning about interference between cell phones, iPods and avalanche beacons.

The use of cell phones for photography (with or without a selfie stick) has made preventable injury or even death by selfie common They were just taking a selfie . . .

NPS photo short haul rescue: National Park Service photo of a short haul rescue showing helicopter, litter and rescuer from below You can’t always expect a helicopter rescue

fatal, near fatal or close call incidents/accidents in camping, backpacking, climbing and mountaineering

GPS is not infallible

Can a person who is prescribed an epi-pen risk going into the wilderness? and some sting prevention notes are at: Anaphylaxis quick facts

Leave no trace

Hiking Advice has hot weather hiking advice, hiking logistics and the answer to the question: When is the best time of day to cross a mountain stream?

Enhance your drive to the park: Road trip advice and etiquette

animal sign comparisons

 

nps drawing bears: drawing of a black bear and a grizzly for comparisonWas that a black bear or a grizzly, a coyote or a wolf or a fox we just saw?

NPS photo Yellowstone wildlife montage Robert Hynes 560 pxls: Rocky Mountain mammal size comparisons has photos and comparisons of beavers, squirrels, pika, marmot, elk, moose, bison, fox, coyote, wolf, golden-mantled ground squirrel, chipmunk, Red Squirrel (also known as) Chickaree, Unita Ground squirrels, bobcat, lynx, mountain lion (cougar), pine marten, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, grizzly and black bears, tundra swan, trumpeter swan, adult and juvenile Bald Eagles.

 

Grizzlies are rare in the Grand Tetons, but growing in number.

your safety in grizzly bear territory tells you what to do if
you see a bear in the distance or a bear charges you and has info, including links to park videos about Bear Pepper Sprays.

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Was that shaking an earthquake? Intermountain west earthquakes, including
Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico, are monitored, with a map of recent earthquakes in the last 2 hours, last 2 days, last week, with locations, magnitude, times of occurrence, at
https://quake.utah.edu/earthquake-center/quake-map

Camping solutions for women has tips for and answers typical questions from first-time women campers, including the question: Can menstruating women camp or backpack around bears? YES

Bears has links to general info about bears, then practicalities of camping and backpacking around bears, (food storage, what to do if you see a bear) mostly geared towards our trips around black bears in California.

Grand Tetons backpacking

NASA aerial photo of Teton Range

Grand Teton National park restaurants has links to menus and links to info about restaurants in Jackson, Wyoming.

more pictures at:

Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Park photos


photos below by Quang-Tuan Luong/terragalleria.com
, all rights reserved.

tetons and fence terragalleria: arrowleaf balsamroot tetons terragalleria: bison and barn terragalleria:

This is from an eastern U.S. website: The Rockies and the Tetons 2002.

Some of the advice is reasonable, but the author is a bit too worried about dangers.
We are including it here mostly for a laugh, but hey, most of it is true.
It was all italicized.

“WARNING: I recommend against hiking in these parks, due to the numerous life-threatening dangers. The high altitude of the mountains impose numerous requirements on hikers: lightning strikes the highest points on mountains, and when you are above tree-line you become the highest point, so always get off the mountain when rain occurs; the thin air results in heavy breathing which creates a loss of water vapor, hence you require about three times as much drinking water as required on Eastern U.S. mountains; thin air causes dizziness which can result in falling off the mountain, fainting, and death through edema, which requires numerous days of getting used to the thin air at lower altitudes; thin air provides less protection against ultraviolet radiation, so prescription dark glasses and sunscreen are required. If you do hike in these mountains, always talk with a park ranger about the conditions of the trail and your own physical condition and experience. Always tell someone where you are going, and when to expect you back; never hike alone. Also, the only real window for hiking is around the first two weeks of August, since snowstorms and icestorms can occur at any time. Beware of forest fires, and always check beforehand about their locations. Beware of wild animals jumping right in front of your moving vehicle. Beware of loose rocks and rockslides that may fall onto your trail from mountainsides nearby. Finally, the single greatest cause of death or injury in many of our national parks is automobile accidents, and driving in the western mountains is especially dangerous.”

 

Drownings are the number one cause of accidental death in the National Park Service.

Next to drowning, motor vehicle crashes are the second leading cause of accidental
deaths in the National Park Service.
One study found that “visitors distracted by scenery was a contributing factor in 27% of all motor vehicle crashes, alcohol was a contributing factor in 23% of the crashes, visitors from Asia and Europe crossing over the centerline to drive on the left side of the road was a factor in 14% of the crashes, excessive speed was the primary factor in 8% of the crashes, and visitors driving off-road and hitting stationary objects or rolling over was the primary factor in 11% of crash fatalities.

NPS photo:

elk bugling GTNP NPS photo:

 

simple chartsimple chart

row of stickers that say speeding kills bears